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vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 vtm? cu rrent multiplier v048f480t006 rev. 3.1 page 1 of 11 vtm? module product description the v048f480t006 v?i chip current multiplier excels at speed, density and efficiency to meet the demands of advanced power applications while providing isolation from input to output. it achieves a response time of less than1sanddeliversupto 6.3 a in a volume of less than 0.295 in 3 with unprecedented efficiency. it may be paralleled to deliver higher power levels at an output voltage settable from 26.0 to 55.0 vdc. the vtm v048f480t006 ?s nominal output voltage is 48 vdc from a 48 vdc input factorized bus, v f , and is controllable from 26.0 to 55.0 vdc at no load, and from 24.7 to 53.8 vdc at full load, over a v f input range of 26.0 to 55 vdc. it can be operated either open- or closed-loop depending on the output regulation needs of the application. operating open-loop, the output voltage tracks its v f input voltage with a transformation ratio, k = 1 , for applications requiring an isolated output voltage with high efficiency. closing the loop back to an input prm tm regulator or dc-dc converter enables tight load regulation. the 48 v vtm module achieves a power density of 1017 w /in 3 in a v?i chip package compatible with standard pick-and-place and surface mount assembly processes. the vtm modules fast dynamic response and low noise eliminate the need for bulk capacitance at the load, substantially increasing system density while improving reliability and decreasing cost. parameter values unit notes +in to -in -1.0 to 60 vdc 100 vdc for 100 ms pc to -in -0.3 to 7.0 vdc vc to -in -0.3 to 19.0 vdc +out to -out -0.5 to 60.0 vdc isolation voltage 2,250 vdc input to output output current 6.3 a continuous peak output current 9.4 a for 1 ms output power 336 w continuous peak output power 504 w for 1 ms case temperature during reflow [a] 225 c msl 5 245 c msl 6, tob = 4 hrs operating junction temperature [b] -40 to 125 c t-grade -55 to 125 c m-grade storage temperature -40 to 125 c t-grade -65 to 125 c m-grade vtm? current multiplier ? 48 v to 48 v v?i chip? converter ? 6.3 a ( 9.4 a for 1 ms) ? high density ? 1017 w /in 3 ? small footprint ? 260 w /in 2 ? low weight ? 0.5 oz (15 g) ? pick & place / smd or through hole ? 125c operation (t j ) ? 1 s transient response ? 3.5 million hours mtbf ? typical efficiency 96 % ? no output filtering required v048f480t006 ? vtm notes: [a] 245c reflow capability applies to product with manufacturing date code 1001 and greater. [b] the referenced junction is defined as the semiconductor having the highest temperature. this temperature is monitored by a shutdown comparator. output current designator (=i out ) v 048 f 480 t 006 input voltage designator product grade temperatures (c) grade storage operating (t j ) t -40 to125 -40 to125 m -65 to125 -55 to125 configuration f = j-lead t = through hole output voltage designator (=v out x10) part numbering v f = 26.0 - 55 v v out = 26.0 - 55.0 v i out = 6.3 a k = 1 r out = 210.0 m ? max absolute maximum ratings v 048 f 480 m 006
vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 vtm? cu rrent multiplier v048f480t006 rev. 3.1 page 2 of 11 parameter min typ max unit note input voltage range 26.0 48 55 vdc max vin = 53 v, operating from -55c to -40c input dv/dt 1 v/s input overvoltage turn on 55.0 vdc input overvoltage turn off 60.0 vdc input current 6.8 adc input reflected ripple current 143 ma p-p using test circuit in figure 15; see figure 1 no load power dissipation 3.5 5.3 w internal input capacitance 4.0 f internal input inductance 5 nh input specs (conditions are at 48 v in , full load, and 25c ambient unless otherwise specified) parameter min typ max unit note output voltage 26.0 55.0 vdc no load 24.7 53.8 vdc full load rated dc current 0 6.3 adc 26.0 - 55 v in peak repetitive current 9.4 a max pulse width 1ms, max duty cycle 10%, baseline power 50% short circuit protection set point 6 adc module will shut down current share accuracy 5 10 % see parallel operation on page 9 efficiency half load 95.7 96.7 % see figure 3 full load 95.4 96.4 % see figure 3 internal output inductance 1.6 nh internal output capacitance 6 f effective value output overvoltage set point 55.0 vdc module will shut down output ripple voltage no external bypass 180 320 mvp-p see figures 2 and 5 9.4 f bypass capacitor 20 mvp-p see figure 6 effective switching frequency 3.2 3.3 3.5 mhz fixed, 1.7 mhz per phase line regulation k 0.9900 1 1.0100 v out = k?v in at no load load regulation r out 188.0 210.0 m see figure 16 transient response voltage overshoot 1.2 mv 6.3 a load step with 100 f c in ; see figures 7 and 8 response time 200 ns see figures 7 and 8 recovery time 1 s see figures 7 and 8 output specs (conditions are at 48 v in , full load, and 25c ambient unless otherwise specified) specifications
vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 vtm? cu rrent multiplier v048f480t006 rev. 3.1 page 3 of 11 figure 1 ? input reflected ripple current at full load and 48 v f . efficiency vs. output current 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 0 0.625 1.25 1.875 2.5 3.125 3.75 4.375 5 5.625 6.25 output current (a) efficiency (%) figure 3 ? efficiency vs. output current. power dissipation 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 0.625 1.25 1.875 2.5 3.125 3.75 4.375 5 5.625 6.25 output current (a) power dissipation (w) figure 4 ? power dissipation vs. output current. waveforms figure 6 ? output voltage ripple at full load and 48 v f with 9.4 f ceramic pol bypass capacitance and 20 nh distribution inductance. figure 5 ? output voltage ripple at full load and 48 v f with no pol bypass capacitance. ripple vs. output current 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 0 0.625 1.25 1.875 2.5 3.125 3.75 4.375 5 5.625 6.25 output current (a) output ripple (mvpk-pk) figure 2 ? output voltage ripple vs. output current at 48 v f with no pol bypass capacitance. specifications
vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 vtm? cu rrent multiplier v048f480t006 rev. 3.1 page 4 of 11 parameter min typ max unit note primary control (pc) dc voltage 4.8 5.0 5.2 vdc module disable voltage 2.4 2.5 vdc module enable voltage 2.5 2.6 vdc vc voltage must be a pplied when module is enabled using pc current limit 2.4 2.5 2.9 ma source only disable delay time 40 s pc low to vout low vtm control (vc) external boost voltage 12 14 19 vdc required for vtm current multiplier start up without prm regulator external boost duration 10 ms maximum duration of vc pulse = 20 ms auxiliary pins (conditions are at 48 vin, full load, and 25c ambient unless otherwise specified) figure 7 ? 0- 6.3 a load step with 100 f input capacitance and no output capacitance. figure 8 ? 6.3 -0 a load step with 100 f input capacitance and no output capacitance. parameter min typ max unit note mtbf mil-hdbk-217f 3.5 mhrs 25c, gb isolation specifications voltage 2,250 vdc input to output capacitance 3,000 pf input to output resistance 10 m input to output agency approvals ctvus ul /csa 60950-1, en 60950-1 ce mark low voltage directive rohs mechanical see mechanical drawings, figures 10 ? 13 weight 0.53/15 oz /g dimensions length 1.28/ 32,5 in / mm width 0.87 / 22 in / mm height 0.265/ 6,73 in / mm peak compressive force applied to case (z axis) 5 6 lbs. supported by j-leads only thermal over temperature shutdown 125 130 135 c junction temperature thermal capacity 9.3 ws /c junction-to-case thermal impedance (r jc ) 1.1 c / w see thermal considerations on page 9 junction-to-board thermal impedance (r jb )2.1 c/w general specifications
vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 vtm? cu rrent multiplier v048f480t006 rev. 3.1 page 5 of 11 pin / control functions +in / -in dc voltage ports the vtm? current multiplier input should be connected to the prm? regulator output terminals. given that both the regulator and current multiplier have high switching frequencies, it is often good practice to use a series inductor to limit high frequency currents between the prm module output and vtm module input capacitors. the input voltage should not exceed the maximum specified. if the input voltage exceeds the overvoltage turn-off, the vtm module will shutdown. the vtm module does not have internal input reverse polarity protection. adding a properly sized diode in series with the positive input or a fused reverse- shunt diode will provide reverse polarity protection. tm ? for factory use only vc ? vtm control the vc port is multiplexed. it receives the initial v cc voltage from an upstream prm regulator, synchronizing the output rise of the vtm module with the output rise of the regulator. additionally, the vc port provides feedback to the prm to compensate for the current multiplier output resistance. in typical applications using vtm modules powered from prm regulators, the regulators vc port should be connected to the vtm module vc port. the vc port is not intended to be used to supply v cc voltage to the vtm module for extended periods of time. if vc is being supplied from a source other than the prm regulators, the voltage should be removed after 20 ms. pc ? primary control the primary control (pc) port is a multifunction port for controlling the current multiplier as follows: disable ? if pc is left floating, the vtm module output is enabled. to disable the output, the pc port must be pulled lower than 2.4 v, referenced to -in. optocouplers, open collector transistors or relays can be used to control the pc port. once disabled, 14 v must be re-applied to th e vc port to restart the vtm module. primary auxiliary supply ? the pc port can source up to 2.4 ma at 5 vdc. +out / -out dc voltage output ports the output and output return are through two sets of contact locations. the respective +out and ?out groups must be connected in parallel with as low an interconnect resistance as possible. within the specified input voltage range, the level 1 dc behavioral model shown in figure 16 defines the output voltage of the vtm module. the current source capability of the vtm module is shown in the specification table. to take full advantage of the vtm current multiplier, the user should note the low output impedance of the device. the low output impedance provides fast transient response without the need for bulk pol capacitance. limited-life electrolytic capacitors required with conventional converters can be reduced or even eliminated, saving cost and valuable board real estate. -in pc vc tm +in -out +out -out +out bottom view a b c d e f g h j k l m n p r t 4 3 2 1 a b c d e h j k l m n p r t figure 9 ? vtm? current multiplier pin configuration signal name pin designation +in a1-e1, a2-e2 ?in l1-t1, l2-t2 tm h1, h2 vc j1, j2 pc k1, k2 +out a3-d3, a4-d4, j3-m3, j4-m4 ?out e3-h3, e4-h4, n3-t3, n4-t4
vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 vtm? cu rrent multiplier v048f480t006 rev. 3.1 page 6 of 11 top view ( component side) bottom view inch mm notes: 1. dimensions are . 2. unless otherwise specified, tolerances are: .x / [.xx] = +/-0.25 / [.01]; .xx / [.xxx] = +/-0.13 / [.005] 3. product marking on top surface dxf and pdf files are available on vicorpower.com mechanical drawings figure 10 ? v t m ? module j-lead mechanical outline; onboard mounting recommended land pattern ( component side shown ) inch mm notes: 1. dimensions are . 2. unless otherwise specified, tolerances are: .x / [.xx] = +/-0.25 / [.01]; .xx / [.xxx] = +/-0.13 / [.005] 3. product marking on top surface dxf and pdf files are available on vicorpower.com figure 11 ? vtm? module j-lead pcb land layout information; onboard mounting
vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 vtm? cu rrent multiplier v048f480t006 rev. 3.1 page 7 of 11 mechanical drawings (continued) top view ( component side ) bottom view notes: 1. dimensions are 2. unless otherwise specified tolerances are: x.x [x.xx] = 0.25 [0.01]; x.xx [x.xxx] = 0.13 [0.005] 3. rohs compliant per cst-0001 latest revision dxf and pdf files are available on vicorpower.com inch (mm) . figure 12 ? v t m ? through-hole module mechanical outline notes: 1. dimensions are 2. unless otherwise specified tolerances are: x.x [x.xx] = 0.25 [0.01]; x.xx [x.xxx] = 0.13 [0.005] 3. rohs compliant per cst-0001 latest revision dxf and pdf files are available on vicorpower.com inch (mm) . recommended hole pattern ( component side shown ) figure 13 ? vtm? through-hole module pcb layout information
vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 vtm? cu rrent multiplier v048f480t006 rev. 3.1 page 8 of 11 recommended land pattern (no grounding clips) top side shown recommended land pattern (with grounding clips) top side shown notes: 1. maintain 3.50 [0.138] dia. keep-out zone free of copper, all pcb layers. 2. (a) minimum recommended pitch is 39.50 [1.555], this provides 7.00 [0.275] component edge-to-edge spacing, and 0.50 [0.020] clearance between vicor heat sinks. (b) minimum recommended pitch is 41.00 [1.614], this provides 8.50 [0.334] component edge-to-edge spacing, and 2.00 [0.079] clearance between vicor heat sinks. 3. v?i chip? module land pattern shown for reference only; actual land pattern may differ. dimensions from edges of land pattern to push-pin holes will be the same for all full size v?ichip products. 4. rohs compliant per cst-0001 latest revision. 5. unless otherwise specified: dimensions are mm [inch]. tolerances are: x.x [x.xx] = 0.3 [0.01] x.xx [x.xxx] = 0.13 [0.005] 6. plated through holes for grounding clips (33855) shown for reference. heat sink orientation and device pitch will dictate final grounding solution. figure 14 ? hole location for push pin heat sink relative to v ? i chip? module mechanical drawings (continued)
vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 vtm? cu rrent multiplier v048f480t006 rev. 3.1 page 9 of 11 figure 15 ? vtm? module test circuit parallel operation in applications requiring higher current or redundancy, vtm? current multipliers can be operated in parallel without adding control circuitry or signal lines. to maximize current sharing accuracy, it is imperative that the source and load impedance on each vtm? module in a parallel array be equal. if the modules are being fed by an upstream prm? regulator, the vc nodes of all vtm modules must be connected to the prm module vc. to achieve matched impedances, dedicated power planes within the pc board should be used for the output and output return paths to the array of paralleled vtms. this technique is preferable to using traces of varying size and length. the vtm module power train and control architecture allow bi-directional power transfer when the module is operating within its specified ranges. bi-directional power processing improves transient response in the event of an output load dump. the module may operate in reverse, returning output power back to the input source. it does so efficiently. thermal considerations v ? i chip? products are multi-chip modules whose temperature distribution varies greatly for each part number as well as with the input /output conditions, thermal management and environmental conditions. maintaining the top of the v048f480t006 case to less than 100c will keep all junctions within the v ? i chip module below 125c for most applications. the percent of total heat dissipated through the top surface versus through the j-lead is entirely dependent on the particular mechanical and thermal environment. the heat dissipated through the top surface is typically 60%. the heat dissipated through the j-lead onto the pcb board surface is typically 40%. use 100% top surface dissipation when designing for a conservative cooling solution. it is not recommended to use a v ? i chip module for an extended period of time at full load without proper heat sinking. input impedance recommendations to take full advantage of the current multiplier?s capabilities, the impedance of the source (input source plus the pc board impedance) must be low over a range from dc to 5 mhz. input bypass capacitance may be added to improve transient performance or compensate for high source impedance. the vtm module has extremely wide bandwidth so the source response to transients is usually the limiting factor in overall output response of the module. anomalies in the response of the source will appear at the output of the vtm module, multiplied by its k factor of 1 . the dc resistance of the source should be kept as low as possible to minimize voltage deviations on the input to the module. if the module is going to be operating close to the high limit of its input range, make sure input voltage deviations will not trigger the input overvoltage turn-off threshold. input fuse recommendations v?i chip products are not internally fused in order to provide flexibility in configuring power systems. however, input line fusing of v?i chip modules must always be incorporated within the power system. a fast acting fuse is required to meet safety agency conditions of acceptability. the input line fuse should be placed in series with the +in port. application notes for application notes on soldering, thermal management, board layout, and system design click on the link below: http://www.vicorpower.com/technical_library/application_information/chips / application note f1 load + ? input reflected ripple measurement point c2 0.47 f ceramic + 14 v -in pc vc tm +in -out +out vtm? +out -out k ro notes: c3 should be placed close to the load r3 may be esr of c3 or a separate damping resistor. c3 9.4 f r3 5 m c1 47 f al electrolytic 10 a fuse
vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 vtm? cu rrent multiplier v048f480t006 rev. 3.1 page 10 of 11 figure 18 ? the prm? regulator controls the factorized bus voltage, v f , in proportion to output current to compensate for the output resistance, ro, of the vtm? current multipler. the vtm module output voltage is typically within 1% of the desired load voltage (v l ) over all line and load conditions. +o u t ?o u t +i n ?i n v c p c t m i l v h p r n c s g s c o s n c c d l o a d v in ? in pc vc tm +in ? out +out ? out +out k ro 0.01 m f 0.4 h 10 10 k prm? -al module vtm? module factorized bus (v f ) r os r cd fpa? adaptive loop in figures below; k = vtm? current multiplier transformation ratio v f = prm output (factorized bus voltage) r o = vtm output resistance v o = vtm output v l = desired load voltage application note (continued) + + v out c out v in v?i k + + c in i out r c out i q r out r c in l in = 5 nh 73 ma v?i chip vtm? current multiplier level 2 transient behavioral model for 48 v to 48 v, 6.3 a figure 17 ? this model characterizes the ac operation of the v?i chip vtm including response to output load or input voltage transients o r steady state modulations. the model enables estimates or simulations of input and output voltages under transient conditions, including resp onse to a stepped load with or without external filtering elements. ? 1 ? i out 1 ? v in 188.0 m r c in 1.3 m 14.8 nh 47.1 m r c out 0.87 m 6 f l out = 1.6 nh 4.0 f + + v out v in v ? i k + + i out r out i q vtm? current multiplier level 1 dc behavioral model for 48 v to 48 v, 6.3 a figure 16 ? this model characterizes the dc operation of the v?i chip vtm, including the converter transfer function and its losses. the model enables estimates or simulations of output voltage as a function of input voltage and output load, as well as total converter power dis sipation or heat generation. ? 188.0 m 1 ? v in 1 ? i out 73 ma
vicorpower.com 800-735-6200 vtm? cu rrent multiplier v048f480t006 rev. 3.1 11/2011 vicor?s comprehensive line of power solutions includes high density ac-dc and dc-dc modules and accessory components, fully configurable ac-dc and dc-dc power supplies, and complete custom power systems. information furnished by vicor is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is assumed by vicor for its use. vicor makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this publication. vicor reserves the right to make changes to any products, specifications, and product descriptions at any time without notice. information published by vicor has been checked and is believed to be accurate at the time it was printed; however, vicor assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies. testing and other quality controls are used to the extent vicor deems necessary to support vicor?s product warranty. except where mandated by government requirements, testing of all parameters of each product is not necessarily performed. specifications are subject to change without notice. vicor?s standard terms and conditions all sales are subject to vicor?s standard terms and conditions of sale, which are available on vicor?s webpage or upon request. product warranty in vicor?s standard terms and conditions of sale, vicor warrants that its products are free from non-conformity to its standard specifications (the ?express limited warranty?). this warranty is extended only to the original buyer for the period expiring two (2) years after the date of shipment and is not transferable. unless otherwise expressly stated in a written sales agreement signed by a duly authorized vicor signatory, vicor disclaims all representations, liabilities, and warranties of any kind (whether arising by implication or by operation of law) with respect to the products, including, without limitation, any warranties or representations as to merchantability, fitness for particular purpose, infringement of any patent, copyright, or other intellectual property right, or any other matter. this warranty does not extend to products subjected to misuse, accident, or improper application, maintenance, or storage. vicor shall not be liable for collateral or consequential damage. vicor disclaims any and all liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit and assumes no liability for applications assistance or buyer product design. buyers are responsible for their products and applications using vicor products and components. prior to using or distributing any products that include vicor components, buyers should provide adequate design, testing and operating safeguards. vicor will repair or replace defective products in accordance with its own best judgment. for service under this warranty, the buyer must contact vicor to obtain a return material authorization (rma) number and shipping instructions. products returned without prior authorization will be returned to the buyer. the buyer will pay all charges incurred in returning the product to the factory. vicor will pay all reshipment charges if the product was defective within the terms of this warranty. life support policy vicor?s products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express prior written approval of the chief executive officer and general counsel of vicor corporation. as used herein, life support devices or systems are devices which (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. a critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system or to affect its safety or effectiveness. per vicor terms and conditions of sale, the user of vicor products and components in life support applications assumes all risks of such use and indemnifies vicor against all liability and damag es. intellectual property notice vicor and its subsidiaries own intellectual property (including issued u.s. and foreign patents and pending patent applications) relating to the products described in this data sheet. no license, whether express, implied, or arising by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. interested parties should contact vicor's intellectual property department. the products described on this data sheet are protected by the following u.s. patents numbers: 5,945,130; 6,403,009; 6,710,257; 6,911,848; 6,930,893; 6,934,166; 6,940,013; 6,969,909; 7,038,917; 7,145,186; 7,166,898; 7,187, 263; 7,202,646; 7,361,844; d496,906; d505,114; d506,438; d509,472; and for use under 6,975,098 and 6,984,965. vicor corporation 25 frontage road andover, ma, usa 01810 tel: 800-735-6200 fax: 978-475-6715 email customer service: custserv@vicorpower.com technical support: apps@vicorpower.com

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